HISTORY

At the beginning of the twentieth century…most formal education took place in a system of monasteries that covered Mongolia’s territory… Though sophisticated, the education system was not universal, and no more than 10 percent of the adult population achieved literacy. Generally, the largest monasteries contained four academic colleges—Buddhist studies and debate, Buddhist tantrology, Tibetan medical science, and Buddhist astrology….Depending on the discipline, a student might require twenty years to attain the highest degree.

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